Features of granting temporary protection status in European Union countries: a comparative legal analysis

Abstract

This article is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of the granting of temporary protection status in European Union countries. In the context of modern migration crises caused by armed conflicts, the need for effective refugee protection mechanisms becomes a priority for states. The article examines the historical context of the adoption of Directive 2001/55/EC, its long-term inactivity, and its subsequent application to Ukrainian citizens. Particular attention is paid to the practice of implementing temporary protection in EU countries, including urgent legislative initiatives and political decisions aimed at ensuring stability for displaced people. The extension of temporary protection status for Ukrainian citizens until 2026 is analysed, along with its legal basis and impact on European migration policy. The article notes that the extension of temporary protection is based on the political will of EU countries, allowing them to avoid bureaucratic complexities and guarantee support for refugees in the face of continued military threats. This mechanism is considered an effective humanitarian response tool, ensuring the protection of Ukrainian citizens and contributing to legal harmonization within the European Union.