International experience of legal regulation of nuclear energy use and its development in other countries

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the global experience in legal regulation in the field of nuclear energy. It
focuses on the evolution of legislative approaches in leading foreign countries, analyzing both international
legal initiatives and national legislation. The article also considers modern challenges related to nuclear safety, liability, and the development of new technologies aimed at environmental sustainability. The purpose of
the study is to analyze various approaches to legal regulation of the nuclear industry, assess the effectiveness
of current mechanisms, and identify key trends and principles that contribute to safe and sustainable nuclear
energy development at the national and international levels. This forms the basis for recommendations on developing a national regulatory framework based on best international practices and the recommendations of
the IAEA. Additionally, we can identify ways to harmonize national legislation with international standards
and obligations. The methodological foundation is a comparative analysis of legal institutions, norms, and
approaches to nuclear energy regulation in various countries. Through the comparative legal method, the
study highlights differences in legislative systems, regulations, and enforcement practices among leading nuclear states. This also allows us to identify common trends and effective regulatory models. As a result, the
study identifies key features of global experience in legal regulation of nuclear energy use and outlines main
trends in its development abroad. Foreign experience provides us with valuable lessons and examples that can
be effectively applied in our national legal framework to ensure the safe, sustainable, and socially acceptable
use of nuclear energy.