The problem of preventive effect on crime: the need for an axiological and organizational revision

Abstract

The article is devoted to substantiating fundamentally new approaches to assessing the preventive impact on crime under the current conditions of Kazakhstani society. It examines theoretical and applied issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “crime prevention”, “crime deterrence”, and “combating crime” in the context of the modern criminal law policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical and applied understanding of the prevention of offenses and crime within the framework of the modern criminal law policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of the study comprises dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, and logical-semantic methods, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and forecasting. The study substantiates that current legislation and policy documents do not always use the aforementioned terminology consistently, which complicates the development of a unified methodological framework for preventive activities. Particular attention is paid to national legislation directly regulating crime prevention, measures aimed at ensuring public safety through the establishment of partnerships between the state and society, and the development of a qualitatively new legal consciousness based on a clear understanding of the concepts of “law” and “order”. The international experience of developing national crime prevention systems is analyzed. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for criminological support for preventive policies, the development of analytical, predictive, and research capacities, and the strengthening of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and civil society institutions. The author concludes that developing a national crime prevention model based on a systematic approach, interagency cooperation, scientific validity, and long-term evaluation of results should be a priority for Kazakhstan.