Improvement of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on mandatory social insurance against occupational accidents: current trends and legal issues

Abstract

Purpose of the study—to examine the system of mandatory social insurance against occupational accidents in
Kazakhstan, assess its compliance with international labor standards, and propose key directions for its
improvement based on enhancing national economic competitiveness and citizens’ living standards.
Methodology and approaches used—The research is based on a comprehensive, multi-level approach, includ
ing: 1) empirical analysis of official statistical data and documents from 2018–2023; 2) retrospective,
comparative (including analysis of International Labour Organization conventions and foreign practices) and
systemic analysis; 3) econometric modeling, scenario-based forecasting, and expert interviews with
representatives of state bodies and industry specialists (triangulation method). Results—The study identifies
significant systemic shortcomings in the current insurance system, including its predominant focus on com
pensation rather than prevention; a misalignment between the commercial interests of insurance companies
and the system’s social objectives; terminological and regulatory inconsistencies; and fragmented data collec
tion and processing. As a result, the system’s social effectiveness remains limited, while the rate of occupa
tional injuries remains high. Conclusions—The findings substantiate the need for a comprehensive reform of
the system. The following key directions are proposed: reconceptualizing insurance as a social rather than
commercial, institution; creating a unified operator that integrates compensation, rehabilitation, and
prevention services; harmonizing legislation with ILO conventions (especially Nos. 102, 121, 187);
implementing a unified information and analytical system; and strengthening preventive measures by
differentiating insurance premiums based on risk level. Implementing these measures will enhance the level
of social protection for citizens and foster a culture of occupational safety.