Implementation of the Right to Education and Counteraction to Discrimination in the Education System of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Legal and Social Aspects

Abstract

The article examines the legal and social aspects of the realization of citizens’ right to education and efforts to combat discrimination within the educational environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that the effectiveness of the education system depends not only on the quality of instruction, but also on ensuring equal opportunities for all students. Particular attention is paid to the fact that socio-economic differences, insufficient involvement of individual groups in the educational process, as well as conflicts based on intolerance create conditions for the spread of discrimination. The study also analyzes current legislation and regulatory acts governing the field of education, as well as national initiatives aimed at the development of inclusive education. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the legal, organizational and socio-cultural factors affecting the implementation of the principle of non-discrimination in education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, a multi-level approach was applied: an analysis of current legislation and regulatory legal acts regulating the educational sphere was carried out, case studies of
national initiatives on inclusive education were considered, and an empirical survey of participants in the educational process (students, teachers, and administrative staff) was conducted. As a result of the study, significant legal gaps have been identified, expressed in insufficient specification of anti-discrimination norms and inconsistencies between national and regional regulatory legal acts. This leads to uneven protection of the rights of participants in the educational process. The authors substantiate the need to improve the regulatory framework, introduce a system for monitoring discriminatory manifestations and strengthen interaction between educational organizations, government and public structures.